Dhoni's match-winning knock comprised 15 fours and 10 sixes.
Speaking at the post-match ceremony, Dhoni said, "This is a very special venue, my first ODI hundred in Vizag gave me 10 games but the 183 I made here gave me another one year. It was great to be back here."
Dhoni later went on to assume Team India captaincy in 2007 and later created history by winning two World Cups in different formats.
However at the same venue in Jaipur, Dhoni was on the losing side on Thursday as CSK were thrashed by Rajasthan Royals by 32 runs in the Indian Premier League (IPL) here.
Batting first, RR scored 202/5 in 20 overs, courtesy Yashasvi Jaiswal's 77 off 43 balls.
Dhruv Jurel (34 off 15 balls) and Devdutt Padikkal (unbeaten 27 off 13 balls) fired towards the end to help the hosts cross the 200-mark.
Defending the score, RR picked CSK wickets at regular intervals restricting the yellow brigade to 170/6 in 20 overs.