The blast occurred ahead of the opening of the parliament.
Interior Minister Ali Yerlikaya wrote on X: "At around 09.30, 2 terrorists who came with a light commercial vehicle in front of the entrance gate of the General Directorate of Security of our Ministry of Internal Affairs, carried out a bomb attack."
He said two policemen were hurt in the incident.
He said one of the terrorists blew himself up and the other was neutralized.
The apparent guard tower in front of the entrance to the building was slightly damaged in the blast, reported CNN.
Police have cordoned the area after the blast.
Justice Minister Yilmaz Tunc said a 'judicial investigation' into the incident has been launched.